Suchergebnisse

On the basis of overall analysis of the European dependence on Russia for its energy needs (mainly gas and oil) this paper tries to argue that economic sanction against Russia will have limited success. It will hurt the region badly, but it has more potential to jeopardize the European energy security aspect – a long cherished goal of the European nations. So, the best means to solve the Ukraine crisis is political and diplomatic tools, not the economic ones. ; На основе комплексного анализа зависимости Европейского Союза от российского экспорта энергетических ресурсов (прежде всего, газа и нефти) автор делает вывод о том, что экономические санкции против России не позволят достичь поставленных целей. Санкционная политика нанесет значительный ущерб обеим сторонам; более того, она создает угрозу для европейской энергетической безопасности, обеспечение которой всегда считалось приоритетной задачей Европейского Союза. Таким образом, наиболее эффективный путь к разрешению текущего кризиса – это использование не экономических, а политико-дипломатических средств.

Recently passed the Russian 'Foreign Agent' law against foreign funding of NGOs and civil society has attracted criticism from almost every quarter. From home to abroad all party concerned (i.e., civil society organizations, NGO groups, donor countries (especially America and European countries) as well as some Russian opposition political parties) are of the view that this bill has been introduced to scuttle the independent civic activities and in this way unconstitutional. However on the basis of overall analysis of 'Foreign Agent' law in the context of American democratic promotion policy this paper is of the view that this law simply cannot be characterized as anti-democratic, which is against the very basis of freedom and rule of law, by the anti-democratic Russian government but it should be seen as extension of same challenge which American democratic promotion policy is facing around the whole world. It is because of its illegal and unconstitutional method of regime change policy, with the help of foreign funded NGOs, and civil society which has compelled various countries including Russia to resort this type of law. It is important to note that the promise of peace, stability and prosperity by the democratic promotion protagonists after the fall of Soviet Union has not been realised till today. Instead what post-Soviet states are witnessing today is emergence of chauvinist nationalist government in respective countries which witnessed colour revolution. Whole region is now plunging into economic turmoil, ethnic nationalism, rise of religious fundamentalism and identity politics. Recent overthrow of legitimate Viktor Yanukovych government in Ukraine and subsequent decision by incumbent government to exclude Russian as administrative language can be sited as example. That is why former American Republican Congressman Ron Paul is of the view that "US 'Democracy Promotion' Destroys Democracy Overseas''. In this context this paper will argue that democracy can only be beneficial when it evolved from within according to the aspiration of native masses and should not be imposed from outside with certain geopolitical interest in mind. Looking at the backlash against this policy this paper will further argue that the time has come when America should think of to review the policy of democratic promotion through foreign funding and simultaneously NGOs and civil societies should instead of fulfilling the agenda of their donor counties should work for making native people politically conscious and should not let the people make sceptic even of its guanine activity.

Methoden, Designmethode, Designmethoden

There is a great deal of energetic discussion about why design innovation has become critical for the success and growth of businesses today and experts in business management are discussing ways to think about design as a key strategic advantage. This e-book brings together experts from many fields to discuss how design innovation can be successfully practiced through adopting formalized design processes. The papers come from innovators in fields as diverse as healthcare, digital products, software, telecommunications, space planning, web services, city planning, and education

AbstractThis article discusses Chaudhari Mulkiram (April 1910–August 1954) and the contesting ideologies, memories, histories, and socio-political conditions surrounding his career from the 1920s to the mid-1950s. Mulkiram belonged to the Dhangar, a sub-caste of the Khatik caste in Meerut. He was the first Dalit of the United Provinces (UP) who qualified for the Public Service Commission in 1939. This article shows his socio-religious and socio-political relations and responses to the Arya Samaj, Congress, and Scheduled Caste Federation. It reveals how the representatives of these agencies portrayed his life and work. This article also discusses how his relations and responses helped and influenced his caste members in the western UP. It argues that the Arya Samaj, Harijan Sevak Sangh, and Congress used the first generation of Dalit civil servants like Mulkiram to cultivate local leaders and to mobilize local Dalits, peasants, labourers, and villagers to act in their political interests against Ambedkar's movement. Hence, in the 1940s and early 1950s, Mulkiram presented himself as a Gandhi bhakt, Jan Neta (public leader), and Sanyasi (household monk and socio-religious reformer).

Recruitment in the chaukidari forces under colonial police administration was an alternative to the colonial army for Dalits to get socio-political status, consciousness, 'economic freedom' (cash salary, rewards, lands and concessions), education and 'civic equality'. Therefore, the chaukidari in the colonial police administration was a positive source of support for a section of Dalits, despite the limitation of numbers.

Exclusion and inclusion are probable outcome of struggle over resources, power, social space and social capital. Citizenship are useful constructs to understand these processes. Social exclusion has been built into the socio-cultural structure of Hindu society. Social exclusion is a concept that emerged in the late 1970'in Europe and has been used as a substitute to explain many dimensions of inequalities and poverty1 • Poverty and social exclusion are complimentary of each other. Main basis of social exclusion are religion and patriarchy. Social thinkers and reformers are doing work on the social exclusion and bring the excluded society to the main stream. After independence the elected government made efforts to include the deprived groups into main stream by inclusion policies. Information and communication technology (ICT) also allows the academic institutions to reach disadvantaged groups.